See pinnaculum on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pinnacle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pinnacle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pinnacle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pinacle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: pinacle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: pinacle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pennacchio",
"t": "plume"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pennacchio (“plume”)\n→ Middle French: pennache\nFrench: panache\n→ English: panache\n→ Italian: panache\n→ Romanian: panaș\n→ Portuguese: penacho\n→ Spanish: penacho",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pennacchio (“plume”)\n→ Middle French: pennache\nFrench: panache\n→ English: panache\n→ Italian: panache\n→ Romanian: panaș\n→ Portuguese: penacho\n→ Spanish: penacho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pinnacolo",
"t": "pinnacle"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pinnacolo (“pinnacle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably borrowed"
},
"expansion": "(probably borrowed)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowing"
},
"expansion": "(borrowing)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pinnacolo (“pinnacle”) (probably borrowed), (possibly) pinnacolo (“pinochle”) (borrowing)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "penail"
},
"expansion": "Old French: penail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: penail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pináculo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: pináculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: pináculo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pinnacchiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pinnacchiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pinnacchiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pináculo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: pináculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: pináculo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πτερύγιον",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "pinnacle"
},
"expansion": "calque of Ancient Greek πτερύγιον (pterúgion, “pinnacle”)",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prōpugnō",
"3": "-culum",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "prōpugnō + -culum",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pinna (“plume, wing; parapet”). Pinnāculum appears in the Vulgate as a calque of Ancient Greek πτερύγιον (pterúgion, “pinnacle”), diminutive of πτέρυξ (ptérux, “wing”) (alternative translations of the Greek include fastīgium and pinna itself). Therefore, the end of the word appears to be the neuter form of the Latin diminutive suffix -culus. However, pinnāculum is not a regularly formed diminutive: there is an irregular change of gender from the feminine base and an unexpected -ā- between the base and the suffix. The form may have been influenced by that of nouns ending in -āculum that were derived from the instrument noun suffix -culum: the Oxford English Dictionary suggests that the form pinnāculum was possibly based on analogy with prōpugnāculum (“bulwark, rampart”), from prōpugnō + -culum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pinnāculum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnācula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnācula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnācula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pinnāculum<2>"
},
"expansion": "pinnāculum n (genitive pinnāculī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pinnāculum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullian, Adversus Iudaeos 8.1",
"text": "Itaque requirenda tempora praedicta et futurae nativitatis Christi et passionis eius et exterminii civitatis Hierusalem id est vastationis eius. Dicit enim Daniel et civitatem sanctam et sanctum exterminari cum duce venturo et destrui pinnaculum usque ad interitum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a peak, pinnacle"
],
"id": "en-pinnaculum-la-noun-nbh~SePY",
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"pinnacle",
"pinnacle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) a peak, pinnacle"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pinˈnaː.ku.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɪnˈnäːkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pinˈna.ku.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[pinˈnäːkulum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pinnaculum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pinnacle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pinnacle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pinnacle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pinacle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: pinacle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: pinacle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pennacchio",
"t": "plume"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pennacchio (“plume”)\n→ Middle French: pennache\nFrench: panache\n→ English: panache\n→ Italian: panache\n→ Romanian: panaș\n→ Portuguese: penacho\n→ Spanish: penacho",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pennacchio (“plume”)\n→ Middle French: pennache\nFrench: panache\n→ English: panache\n→ Italian: panache\n→ Romanian: panaș\n→ Portuguese: penacho\n→ Spanish: penacho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pinnacolo",
"t": "pinnacle"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pinnacolo (“pinnacle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably borrowed"
},
"expansion": "(probably borrowed)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowing"
},
"expansion": "(borrowing)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pinnacolo (“pinnacle”) (probably borrowed), (possibly) pinnacolo (“pinochle”) (borrowing)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "penail"
},
"expansion": "Old French: penail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: penail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pináculo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: pináculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: pináculo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pinnacchiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pinnacchiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pinnacchiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pináculo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: pináculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: pináculo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πτερύγιον",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "pinnacle"
},
"expansion": "calque of Ancient Greek πτερύγιον (pterúgion, “pinnacle”)",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prōpugnō",
"3": "-culum",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "prōpugnō + -culum",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pinna (“plume, wing; parapet”). Pinnāculum appears in the Vulgate as a calque of Ancient Greek πτερύγιον (pterúgion, “pinnacle”), diminutive of πτέρυξ (ptérux, “wing”) (alternative translations of the Greek include fastīgium and pinna itself). Therefore, the end of the word appears to be the neuter form of the Latin diminutive suffix -culus. However, pinnāculum is not a regularly formed diminutive: there is an irregular change of gender from the feminine base and an unexpected -ā- between the base and the suffix. The form may have been influenced by that of nouns ending in -āculum that were derived from the instrument noun suffix -culum: the Oxford English Dictionary suggests that the form pinnāculum was possibly based on analogy with prōpugnāculum (“bulwark, rampart”), from prōpugnō + -culum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pinnāculum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnācula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnācula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnāculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pinnācula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pinnāculum<2>"
},
"expansion": "pinnāculum n (genitive pinnāculī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pinnāculum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Late Latin",
"Latin 4-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms calqued from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullian, Adversus Iudaeos 8.1",
"text": "Itaque requirenda tempora praedicta et futurae nativitatis Christi et passionis eius et exterminii civitatis Hierusalem id est vastationis eius. Dicit enim Daniel et civitatem sanctam et sanctum exterminari cum duce venturo et destrui pinnaculum usque ad interitum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a peak, pinnacle"
],
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"pinnacle",
"pinnacle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) a peak, pinnacle"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pinˈnaː.ku.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɪnˈnäːkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pinˈna.ku.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[pinˈnäːkulum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pinnaculum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pinnaculum meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.